44 No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day.
44 No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him;
No one has the ability to come to Christ independently because all are totally depraved in reference to God (not in reference to other men). Total depravity creates spiritual disinterest to the claims of Christ.
People are born blind to spiritual things, so they do not have the capacity to come to God without God’s initiative in pulling them to Himself. This is a humbling notion to mankind. Salvation is not entirely within the capacity of man. Thus, man never by himself comes to God. God must first invade his assumptions about what is true. Then the individual must determine whether God’s initiative on his soul is real.
Biblically the onus is on God to get the attention of those who are lost. He does this by personally pulling people toward Himself, by attracting them to what He values. Unless God takes the initiative in salvation, no one can be saved. No one can believe in Jesus of his own accord.
Drawing is an act of God whereby He works in the soul by conviction that Jesus is the Savior of the world (Jn 12:32). The idea of drawing is God’s influence on the person. The Father draws people to Himself and Jesus will draw “all men” without exception (Jn 12:32).
Those who “come” to Jesus do so because the Father “draws” them, and for no other reason (Jn 3:27; 6:65). They are the Father’s gift to Jesus. The Galilean Jews could not “come” to Jesus other than by being drawn to Him by the Father.
This drawing precedes faith. God works by His own means, His own plan. The drawing does not occur only before faith but in it. This drawing occurs when man abandons his own worldview and then allows God to speak to him. It hangs on the free human volition of man. Those who hear and learn from the Father come to Jesus (Mt 16:17; Ac 16:13-14).
PRINCIPLE:
Man is spiritually incapable to decide for Christ on his own.
APPLICATION:
Man has a vested interest in not embracing Christ as Savior—our sin nature and acts of sin keep us from it. Since people are totally depraved compared to God, they need God’s stimulus to wake them up to the reality of Christ.
People like to think that they can come to God strictly of their own volition. No one can come to a true knowledge of who Jesus is without the Father drawing him or her. The total depravity of man keeps him from coming to God independently of divine drawing.
It is true that people cannot come to Christ strictly of their own volition, because they are dead in their sins (Eph 2:1; Co 2:13). In our own natural self, we are hostile to God and are His enemies (Ro 5:10; 8:7). We are spiritually blind to the gospel (2 Co 4:4). We cannot come independently to God; there must be a divine side, a divine drawing.
So long as man remains content with his own ability and does not think he needs God’s intervention for his salvation, he cannot believe. Only the Father can move him to this decision.
God always first acts on our behalf to win us to Himself. Man does not seek God on his own initiative (Ro 3:11). Human response always follows God’s initial action. Man is spiritually dead and cannot come to God on his own (Eph 2:1ff).
We come to God primarily through His influence upon our will. He overcomes our spiritual blindness and rebellion. He does this by His efficacious grace. No one can come to Christ “except it were given him of the Father” (Jn 6:65).
Grant could I please get your thoughts on this article? Thanks
Regeneration is the sovereign act of God whereby He imparts His very life and His very nature to the believing sinner (John 1:12-13; Titus 3:5). Man’s first birth is natural; his second birth is spiritual and supernatural. His first birth makes him a member of a fallen race; his second birth makes him a member of a redeemed race. His first birth gives him a depraved nature (Eph. 2:3); his second birth makes him partaker of the divine nature (2 Pet. 1:4). The moment a person is born again he receives a new life (John 6:47; 1 John 5:12) and a new position as a child of God (John 1:12; 1 John 3:1-2). In short, he is a new creature in Christ (2 Cor. 5:17).
It’s impossible to be saved and not be regenerated. It’s impossible to be regenerated and not be saved. Every born again person is saved. It is a Biblical absurdity to suggest that a person is saved and regenerated and at some later point of time becomes a believer in Christ. Faith and regeneration take place simultaneously. They both take place at the same instant of time. One is the response of a lost, sinful man to the gospel; the other is the supernatural work of God.
Today there are those of a Reformed persuasion who teach that regeneration precedes faith. They would say that a person must be born again before he believes. They would say that a person must have God’s LIFE before he can believe on Christ. C. D. Cole states it this way: “The Calvinist says that life must precede faith, and is logically the cause of faith. Faith did not cause the new birth, the new birth caused faith.” [From a tract entitled Which Comes First In Conversion–Life or Faith? By C.D.Cole, published by Chapel Library, Venice, Florida].
Why do such men teach this? “Extreme Calvinists put the new birth before faith, since they believe that spiritually dead humans cannot exercise faith and, therefore, need to be born again before they can believe” [C. Gordon Olson, Beyond Calvinism and Arminianism, p. 39]. The doctrine of man’s total depravity has been carried to the extreme by some Calvinists resulting in a wrong understanding of man’s inability. They believe that the sinner is dead in sin and therefore he is like a corpse, totally unable to do anything. They believe he first must be regenerated and have life and only then will he be able to believe the gospel. But the Scripture teaches that he must believe in order to have life (John 20:31).
The Philippian jailer once asked, “What must I do to be saved?” (Acts 16:30). If Paul had been an extreme Calvinist he might have said, “You can do nothing to be saved, absolutely nothing. You are dead in sin and a dead man can do nothing. If God doesn’t regenerate you, then you are doomed.” How different was the answer Paul gave: “Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and thou shalt be saved” (Acts 16:31).
The common Calvinist argument is this: “The depraved sinner is said to be DEAD (Eph. 2:1). Since he is dead it is impossible for him to believe. A dead corpse cannot do anything.” But Paul in Ephesians 2:1 is speaking of spiritual death and to compare spiritual death with physical death is problematic. A person who is physically dead cannot speak, cannot breathe, cannot laugh, cannot walk, etc. But a spiritually dead person can do all of these things. It’s wrong to say that a spiritually dead person can do nothing. Even the Calvinist would have to admit that he can reject Jesus Christ, he can pray, he can read the Bible, he can sin and he can even do good works in a vain effort to try to earn his salvation. He has ability to do all of these things.
Wherein lies the inability of the depraved sinner? He can’t because he won’t. An example of this is found in Genesis 37:4–Joseph’s brothers “could not speak peaceably unto him.” They were unable to speak peaceably unto him. What kind of inability was this? Were their mouths being held shut by some outside force so that they could not talk? Were they carried hundreds of miles away from Joseph so that it was impossible to talk to him? No, they could not because they would not. They did not want to speak to him in this way because of the depravity of their sinful and jealous hearts. Why can’t men believe? Why don’t men come to Christ? “And ye will not come to Me, that ye might have life” (John 5:40). Or literally, “And ye are not willing to come unto Me that ye may have life” (William Kelly’s translation). Their inability to come to Christ was due to their refusal to come to Him that they might have life. [Important note: The extreme Calvinist, if consistent with his belief, should re-write John 5:40 in this way: “And ye will not have life that ye may come to me.” This is because Calvinism teaches that a dead sinner cannot come to Christ or believe in Him unless he first has life]. For a more detailed study on the willingness of God to save depraved men, see God’s Willingness and Man’s Unwillingness.
We agree that no one can believe on Christ apart from God’s great and gracious working in the heart which involves both enabling and enlightenment (John 6:44,65; Matthew 11:27; 16:16-17; Acts 16:14). It is interesting that God sometimes commands a person to do what in himself he is totally unable to do. One example involves the man with the withered hand (Mark 3:1-5). Christ gave him the command, “Stretch forth thine hand!” How could he do this if he suffered from paralysis? Christ commanded, the man obeyed and God enabled! Christ enabled him to do the impossible! So also the sinner is commanded to believe on Christ. If the sinner fails to obey this command then he is guilty of disobeying the gospel (2 Thess. 1:8). He will never be able to use this excuse: “Lord, the reason I did not believe on Christ was because I was totally depraved and unable to believe.” No, if God commands, then man is responsible to obey. “But now [God] commandeth all men everywhere to repent” (Acts 17:30).
Does regeneration precede faith? Actually they both take place in the same moment of time. The moment a person believes on the Lord Jesus Christ he is regenerated (born again). The moment he receives Christ by faith he also receives God’s gift of eternal life. It all happens in an instant of time. Yet logically as we think about this great transaction, we must put an order to it. Does the Bible indicate that a person must be regenerated so that he can believe or does the Bible teach that a person must believe in order to be regenerated? Do we need life in order to believe or do we need to believe in order to have life?
The Bible clearly teaches this: believe and thou shalt live! “Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on Me hath everlasting life” (John 6:47). “That whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have eternal life” (John 3:15). The extreme Calvinist says, “live and thou shalt believe!” Please notice that John 1:12 does not say this: “But as many as have been regenerated, to them gave He the power to believe on His Name, even to those who have become the children of God.” Notice also that John 20:31 says, “believing ye might have life.” It does not say, “having life ye might believe.” In his helpless and hopeless condition the sinner is told to LOOK to the Lord Jesus Christ AND LIVE (John 3:14-16; Numbers 21). [We sing the hymn, Look and Live. The extreme Calvinist should rename the hymn: Live and Look.] The extreme Calvinist teaches that a person must have life in order to believe. The Lord Jesus taught that a person must believe (come to Christ) in order to have life (John 5:40). Remember, to “come to Christ” is synonymous with “believing on Him” (see John 6:35,37,40). Why do people not believe on Christ? Is it because they have not been regenerated or because they refuse to come to Christ by faith (John 5:40; 2 Thess. 2:10,12)?
R. C. Sproul believes that regeneration precedes faith. But in spite of his doctrine, he once wrote the following: “Once Luther grasped the teaching of Paul in Romans, he was reborn” (R. C. Sproul, The Holiness of God, 1993 edition, p. 144). He must have written these words in haste because to be consistent with his theology he should have said it this way: “Once Luther was reborn, he grasped the teaching of Paul in Romans.”
If regeneration precedes faith, then this would make faith unnecessary since the person would already be saved. If a person is regenerated, then he is born of God, a member of God’s family and a possessor of eternal life. If you are a member of God’s family and a possessor of eternal life, then you are already saved. So what need is there for faith?
Charles Spurgeon recognized the folly of saying that the sinner must be regenerated before he can believe:
“If I am to preach the faith in Christ to a man who is regenerated, then the man, being regenerated, is saved already, and it is an unnecessary and ridiculous thing for me to preach Christ to him, and bid him to believe in order to be saved when he is saved already, being regenerate. Am I only to preach faith to those who have it? Absurd, indeed! Is not this waiting till the man is cured and then bringing him the medicine? This is preaching Christ to the righteous and not to sinners.” [Sermon entitled The Warrant of Faith].
Concerning regeneration preceding faith, some Calvinists take this to a ridiculous extreme. Though it seems unthinkable, they actually teach that a person can be regenerated by God and then not come to faith in Christ until years later.
The Reformation Study Bible (formerly called The Geneva Study Bible) claims to be a clear statement of Reformed theology. On page 1664 there is an article on Regeneration. It is a shocking statement relating to infant salvation: “Infants can be born again, although the faith that they exercise cannot be as visible as that of adults.” I wrote to R.C. Sproul (General Editor) to ask for clarification of this statement. I received a written response from Sproul’s assistant, V.A. Voorhis (dated 1/6/2000) in which he made the following statement which is even more shocking:
When the RSB speaks in the notes of John 3 of “infants being born again,” it is speaking of the work of quickening God does in them which inclines their will to Him. In Protestantism, regeneration always precedes faith and if God quickens them, the person will surely come . . .Often, regeneration and our subsequent faith happen apparently simultaneously but logically, regeneration must precede faith. An infant’s faith may not come until years after God has worked by His Holy Spirit to regenerate him or her [emphasis ours]. Two Biblical examples of infants who were born again are seen in Psalm 22:9-10 and Luke 1:15.
According to this teaching a child can be born again or regenerated as an infant and not come to faith in Christ until years later! This may or may not have been the teaching of the Reformers, but it certainly is not the teaching of the Word of God. Rev. Curtis Crenshaw writes that “John the Baptist was even regenerated while in his mother’s womb” [Curtis I. Crenshaw, Lordship Salvation, p. 34] Born again in the womb!
For a moment, let’s assume that what the extreme Calvinists are saying is true. If regeneration precedes faith, then what must a sinner do to be regenerated? The extreme Calvinists have never satisfactorily answered this. Shedd’s answer is typical. Because the sinner cannot believe, he is instructed to perform the following duties: (1) Read and hear the divine Word. (2) Give serious application of the mind to the truth. (3) Pray for the gift of the Holy Spirit for conviction and regeneration. [W.G.T. Shedd, Dogmatic Theology, Vol. II, pages 472, 512, 513].
Roy Aldrich’s response to this is penetrating: “A doctrine of total depravity that excludes the possibility of faith must also exclude the possibilities of hearing the Word, giving serious application to divine truth and praying for the Holy Spirit for conviction and regeneration. The extreme Calvinist deals with a rather lively spiritual corpse after all.” [Roy L. Aldrich, “The Gift of God,” Biblio-theca Sacra, July 1965, pages 248-253].
The problem with this position is that it perverts the gospel. The sinner is told that the condition of salvation is prayer instead of faith. How contrary to Acts 16:31 where the sinner is not told to pray for conviction and regeneration. The sinner is simply told to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ.
The following comments were written by Douglas K. Kutilek and are used with his permission:
While the unsaved man is described by Paul as “dead in trespasses and sins” (Ephesians 2:1), I believe that this is a metaphor that is vastly overstressed by some of the Calvinistic writers of my acquaintance. Their typical justification for their “regeneration before faith” view (albeit, immediately before, which results inevitably and immediately in saving faith) is that “a dead man cannot respond to anything–he cannot hear, see, feel, think, touch, taste, act, OR BELIEVE. and therefore, God MUST regenerate him/make him alive before he can believe.”
I see what to me is an insuperable problem with this view–these very Calvinists have no problem with a man being convicted of sin before regeneration, in some cases conviction enduring for many days, months, even years–yet how can a “dead” man (as they understand the term) anymore come under conviction, feel guilt, sense a drawing to Christ, than he can believe? To be consistent, they would have to also teach regeneration before conviction–but then there would be no need for conviction!
Paul uses a metaphor when he says that the sinner is “dead”–man is separated from God by his sin, guilt, etc., and is corrupted and tainted in all parts of his being by sin–his body, emotions, intellect, will, etc. are all corrupted. This is not to say that he is as evil in all his thoughts and acts as he might in practice be, nor that unregenerate man is incapable of acts of love, self-sacrifice, kindness, morality, etc. But like Adam, he is separated from God by sin, and is not capable of reconciling himself/restoring himself to God’s favor, and unaided by God, cannot believe either.
Before regeneration, there must be the work of the Holy Spirit in conviction (the Father’s essential drawing is carried out through the agency of the Holy Spirit). Saving faith is not the gift of God (I agree with A.T. Robertson, and John Calvin on Ephesians 2:8,9, that it is salvation, not faith, which is described as “the gift of God” there; cf. Romans 6:23, where the same thing is taught–see also What is the “Gift of God in Ephesians 2:8? ); rather, it is the response of a sinner, enlightened and convicted by the Holy Spirit who employs the message of the Gospel as His tool, to the offer of the Gospel. This work of the Holy Spirit is essential to and prior to the sinner coming to the place where he may respond in faith–believe–the Gospel. That saving faith necessarily precedes regeneration seems to me to be absolutely required by John 1:12 where faith clearly precedes regeneration.
–Douglas K. Kutilek
C. H. Mackintosh, highly esteemed brethren writer, made a similar observation (from his comments on the Great Commission of Luke 24:44-49 in his miscellaneous writings):
Our divine Master called upon sinners to repent and believe the gospel. Some would have us to believe that it is a mistake to call upon persons dead in trespasses and sins to do anything. “How,” it is argued, “can those who are dead repent? They are incapable of any spiritual movement. They must first get the power ere they can either repent or believe.”
What is our reply to all this? A very simple one indeed–our Lord knows better than all the theologians in the world what ought to be preached. He knows all about man’s condition–his guilt, his misery, his spiritual death, his utter helplessness, his total inability to think a single right thought, to utter a single right word, to do a single right act; and yet He called upon men to repent. This is quite enough for us. It is no part of our business to seek to reconcile seeming differences. It may seem to us difficult to reconcile man’s utter powerlessness with his responsibility; but “God is His own interpreter, and He will make it plain.” It is our happy privilege, and our bounder duty, to believe what He says, and do what He tells us. This is true wisdom, and it yields solid peace. … Our Lord preached repentance, and He commanded His apostles to preach it; and they did so constantly.
George Zeller [3/00; revised 11/02]
Additional Comments
Bob L. Ross of Pilgrim Publications [P.O. Box 66, Pasadena, TX 77501] has written a series of helpful articles regarding regeneration and faith. Ross is one of the foremost authorities on the life, ministry and teachings of Charles Spurgeon.
In Ross’ article Regeneration: Strong vs. Berkhof, he shows the contrast between Augustus Strong and Louis Berkhof on the doctrine of regeneration. Berkhof held to the view that regeneration precedes faith and that regeneration could take place apart from the preaching of the Word. The danger in this is that it could lead to a deadening of evangelistic fervor (“If people can be regenerated apart from the truth, then there is no need to share the truth with them. God will save them apart from the truth, and apart from preaching the gospel”). Strong held the more Biblical position that regeneration and faith took place at the same time. This was also Spurgeon’s position.
Berkhof denied the use of the truth, or the Word, as an instrument in the new birth. Berkhof’s idea is that the Holy Spirit “implants life” which “enables” the sinner to respond to the Gospel and that this life may not at the time be manifest in repentance and faith. Strong, on the other hand taught that human agency is involved in the miracle of regeneration and that man is not merely passive. Strong taught that regeneration, calling, conversion (repentance and faith), and justification are not chronologically separated, but occur “at the same instant.” Strong says, “The Spirit uses the word as His instrument; but the Spirit Himself is the cause of regeneration.” The truth is viewed as “the sword of the Spirit” which “must be wielded by the Holy Spirit himself. “Only as the sinner’s mind is brought into contact with the truth, does God complete His regenerating work.”
Berkhof taught that regeneration and conversion are two distinct works and may therefore have a chronological time sequence. In other words, one may be regenerated at one time and be converted (repent and believe) at some later time. “The new life is often implanted in the hearts of children long before they are able to hear the call of the gospel” (Berkhof). This is similar to the statement quoted above in the Reformation Study Bible which said that infants can be regenerated as babies, and not come to faith in Christ until years later! In contrast to this, Strong taught that regeneration (God’s side) and conversion (man’s side) took place at the same time with no time gap in between. Strong gives the illustration of a wheel: “Regeneration and conversion are not chronologically separate. Which of the spokes of a wheel start first?”
Ross, at the end of the article, mentioned that in the 1800’s there were certain Baptists who became known as “Primitive Baptists” (sometimes nicknamed “Hardshells”). This position was regarded as “hyper-Calvinism” because these people opposed various methods of evangelism and were opposed to missions because they held a view similar to Berkhof, that regeneration was by the Holy Spirit apart from the use of truth as a “means.”
Another article by Ross is entitled Regeneration in Relation to Faith in Calvinist Theology. Ross points out that error on the subject of regeneration in relation to faith led to the anti-missionary, anti-means dogma of the Hardshells or Primitive Baptists in the 19th century onward. Ross then shows that John Calvin taught that you cannot have regeneration apart from faith. Ross also shows that the Canons of Dort, the Westminster Confession and Stephen Charnock all taught that you cannot have regeneration apart from faith and also that the Holy Spirit uses God’s Word as the means to regenerate people and never apart from the Word. These Confessions recognize that there is a “pre-faith work of the Spirit,” that is, that the Spirit of God works mightily in the hearts of men prior to the time when they put their trust in Christ. Ross explains further:
Neither of these Confessions categorizes the pre-faith work of the Holy Spirit as “regeneration,” so those today who choose to broaden the term to cover the pre-faith work of the Spirit do not represent the view of the Confessions of Faith. They should not, therefore, be quoted by the critics of Calvinism as “representative” of the Calvinist view, creating the impression that Calvinism teaches “regeneration” before, without, or apart from faith, which is the core of Hardshellism.
Ross then recommends the work of Stephen Charnock (1628-1680) entitled The Word, the Instrument of Regeneration.
Another article written compiled by Ross is entitled C.H.Spurgeon on Regeneration. It is a collection of quotations by Spurgeon relating of the subject at hand. Spurgeon believed that regeneration and faith took place simultaneously. It was unthinkable to Spurgeon that a person could be regenerated and then at some later time believe on Christ. Spurgeon taught that every unregenerate man was condemned (John 3:18) and that every man who is not condemned is a saved man. That a person could be regenerated but not saved or that a person could be regenerated and not a believer in Christ were ideas unthinkable to Spurgeon. They are also Biblical absurdities.
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More articles under PROBLEMS WITH REFORMED THEOLOGY
Scott, I agree substantially with this article. The problem with hyper Calvinists is that they imposed their theology on Scripture to justify an extreme view of total depravity. In order to do this they have to read into Scripture things that are not there.